汉译英常用表达式经典惯例-陆国强 - (EPUB全文下载)

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前言
索引
正文
汉译英常用表达式经典惯例
Classic Examples of Converting Chinese to English in Terms of Expressions for Everyday Use
陆国强　编
上海外语教育出版社
图书在版编目（CIP）数据
汉译英常用表达式经典惯例／陆国强编．—上海：上海外语教育出版社，2012
ISBN 978-7-5446-2300-1
Ⅰ．①汉…　Ⅱ．①陆…　Ⅲ．①英语－翻译　Ⅳ．①H315.9
中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2011）第118185号
汉译英常用表达式经典惯例
编　　者：陆国强
项目负责、责任编辑：潘　敏
特约编辑：王孟包　耿伯华
前言
为对比英、汉两种语言在概念表达结构上的异同，揭示两种语言的转换规律，从而为英语教学和翻译实践提供理论支持和实践指导，编者根据概念能力理论（the theory of conceptual competence），与计算机专家合作开发了英汉互动转换软件，创建了概念结构数据库。本书正是这一数据库衍生的学术成果。
由数据库支撑的概念结构研究有以下几个特点：
一、概念表达结构化
概念表达在语流中需要结构化（Concepts need to be structurized in the stream of speech）。这句话意指一个词表达一个概念时，只有通过结构形式才能与他人沟通和互动（communicate and interact with each other）。概念表达结构化的优越性彰显在翻译中，能确保译文语言地道，行文流畅。例如：
我们向该厂订购了三台车床。
“订购”英语为place an order，“与该厂”英语为with the factory，“三台车床”英语为three lathes。将上述三个义群（sense group）融合成一个统一的整体，即是概念表达结构化的过程。英译文：
We placed an order for three lathes with the factory.
请读者自己对以下例证作深度分析：
1．医生给我开了个止痛药方。 The doctor gave me a prescription for pain-killers.
2．他在纽约一家与他有往来的银行开了一张500美元的支票。 He drew a check for 500 on his New York bank.
3．她将为他施行肺癌切除手术。 She will perform an operation on him for cancer of the lung.
4．我们必须采取积极措施打击恐怖主义。 We must be proactive in fighting terrorism.
5．她发誓要为母亲报仇。 She swore to avenge her mother.
6．他向杀父凶手报了仇。 He avenged himself on his father's killers.
7．你应该为妻子和儿子着想，给自己保人寿险。 You should insure your life for the sake of your wife and children.
8．他给自己保了10万美元的人寿险。 He insured himself (or his life) for 100，000.
二、围绕主词条辐射多种结构形式
以主词条（main entry）为中心牵引出一系列表达方式。因此，只要查阅主词条，就能获得该词条的多种结构形式和用法。现以“希望”一词为例加以说明：
1．我们希望他恢复健康。 We hope (or cherish the hope) that he will recover.
2．他们活着的希望不大。 There is not much hope of their being still alive. (or: There is not much hope that they are still alive.)
3．他们把全部希望寄托在新上任的经理身上。 They're pinning (or setting) all their hopes on the new manager.
4．别让他抱太大的希望。 Don't raise (or build up) his hopes too much.
5．别抱太大的希望。 Don't pitch your hopes too high.
6．医生对病人不抱多少希望了。 The doctors don't hold much hope for the patient.
7．这事宣布后，我们的一切希望都破灭了。 All our hopes were dashed (or shattered) by the announcement.
三、激活概念结构联想机制
每一个人脑中都有概念结构系统，系统中的概念结构在语义上互相连接。所谓激活概念结构联想机制（activate the mechanism of conceptual structures），就是促使概念结构联想机制启动和运行，形成同义或近义概念结构联想、反义概念结构联想和关联概念结构联想。
1．同义或近义概念结构联想
He praised him for his courage.
We commended the chef on the excellent meal.
It is your responsibility as well as ours.
It is as much our responsibility as yours.
It is both our responsibility and yours.
2．反义概念结构联想
He is confident of success.
He is diffident of success.
His il ............

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