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Nine Algorithms That
Changed the Future
THE INGENIOUS IDEAS THAT
DRIVE TODAY'S COMPUTERS
John MacCormick
P R I N C E T O N U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S
P R I N C E T O N A N D O X F O R D
Copyright © 2012 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press,
41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press,
6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
MacCormick, John, 1972–
Nine algorithms that changed the future : the ingenious ideas that drive
today's computers / John MacCormick.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-691-14714-7 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Computer science. 2. Computer algorithms.
3. Artificial intelligence. I. Title.
QA76M21453 2012
006.3-dc22 2011008867
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
This book has been composed in Lucida using TE
X
Typeset by T&T Productions Ltd, London
Printed on acid-free paper
press.princeton.edu
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The world has arrived at an age of cheap complex devices of
great reliability; and something is bound to come of it.
—Vannevar Bush, “As We May Think,” 1945
CONTENTS
Foreword
1. Introduction: What Are the Extraordinary Ideas Computers Use Every Day?
2. Search Engine Indexing: Finding Needles in the World's Biggest Haystack
3. PageRank: The Technology That Launched Google
4. Public Key Cryptography: Sending Secrets on a Postcard
5. Error-Correcting Codes: Mistakes That Fix Themselves
6. Pattern Recognition: Learning from Experience
7. Data Compression: Something for Nothing
8. Databases: The Quest for Consistency
9. Digital Signatures: Who Really
Wrote This Software?
10. What Is Computable?
11. Conclusion: More Genius at Your Fingertips?
Acknowledgments
Sources and Further Reading
Index
FOREWORD
Computing is transforming our society in ways that are as profound as the changes wrought by physics and chemistry in the previous two centuries. Indeed, there is hardly an aspect of our lives that hasn't already been influenced, or even revolutionized, by digital technology. Given the importance of computing to modern society, it is therefore somewhat paradoxical that there is so little awareness of the fundamental concepts that make it all p ............

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