英语复习指南 - (TXT全文下载)

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英译汉第一节 大纲要求

一、命题形式
根据《英语考试大纲》规定，英译汉主要测试考生根据上下文准确理解英语句子并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分 (约150词) 译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
二、对考生的能力要求
2002年以后的研究生英语入学考试的英译汉题与以往相比有两个新特点：第一，英译汉是作为阅读理解题的一部分来设计的，即往年的五篇阅读理解文章减至四篇，另外一篇文章用于英译汉。但是，这种变化决不意味着对阅读理解能力降低要求，相反，它更强调英译汉的基础是理解，更强调对划线部分的正确理解对上下文的紧密依赖；第二个变化是该题的赋分由原来的15分降至10分。这一点希望考生给予关注。
英译汉题看似简单，其实不然。历年的考生答题情况都不是很理想。相当一部分考生面对结构复杂、意义抽象的英语句子，在正确理解和通顺表达两方面都有困难。因此，答好英译汉题，考生既要有较强的阅读理解能力，又要掌握英译汉的主要基本技能，同时还应有较强的汉语组织和表达能力，只有这样才能使译文准确、完整、通顺。

英译汉第二节 备考策略

一、典型真题回顾
●Exercise （选自2003年考研英语英译汉真题。）
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (1) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. “Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of”. By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (2) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists used for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (3) The emphasis on data gathered first hand, combined with a cross cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (4) Tylor defined cul ............

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