QuickSketching - (EPUB全文下载)

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Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
INTRODUCTION
SIMPLE ANATOMY
GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION
OPEN AND CLOSED FORMS
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL REFERENCES
TONED PAPER
CHILDREN AND ANIMALS
THE DOMESTIC INTERIOR
PORTRAIT HEADS
GROUPS OF FIGURES
PURE LINE
LANDSCAPE
BOATS
SELECTED DRAWINGS OF OTHER ARTISTS
THE FEMALE SKELETON
THE MALE SKELETON
SIMPLE ANATOMY
Before you start to sketch figures with any degree of accuracy, it is important to have some knowledge of anatomy and musculature. There is no need to know the names of all the bones and muscles. You should try instead to get to know the extent and limit of all their possible movements: e.g., that the elbow will bend forward but not backward or sideways, the knee bends backward but not forward or sideways. The shoulder, however, allows the arm to move in any direction. Try all the movements yourself.
These drawings show the average comparative proportions of the male and female. Notice that the pelvis is narrower in the man in relation to his height. His shoulders are somewhat broader and his rib cage is larger.
This diagram shows how the bones of the forearm move in relation to one another when the hand is twisted palm upward.
The Bones
These diagrams show what happens when the weight of the body is shifted from both feet onto only one of them. Notice the upward tilt of the pelvis on the weight-carrying side and the movement toward the right of the upper part of the body. The dotted vertical line shows the new center of gravity as compared with the old. The foot of the leg carrying the weight comes directly under the head. The position on the right gives a sense of movement when compared with that on the left, where the body’s disposition of weight is symmetrical and therefore static in appearance.
The Muscles
Instead of memorizing the names of muscles, try to remember their patterns and get to know the general functions of the various groups of muscles. With these ends in mind, you can consult any standard work on anatomy without being sidetracked by irrelevancies.
GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION
Nearly everyone is able to draw a cube because, since it is such a simple form, we are able quite easily to hold it in our minds and are consequently not merely drawing its appearance. This is equally true of the cone, the sphere, and the cylinder. All these shapes are present in some way or another in the human body so it is often useful to seek them out in a simple diagrammatic way before beginning a finished drawing. Dia ............

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