Paradox - (EPUB全文下载)

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Copyright © 2012 by Jim Al-Khalili
All rights reserved.Published in the United States by Broadway Paperbacks, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. www.crownpublishing.com
Broadway Paperbacks and its logo, a letter B bisected on the diagonal, are trademarks of Random House, Inc.
Originally published in the United Kingdom by Transworld Publishers, a division of The Random House Group, Ltd., London.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAl-Khalili, Jim, 1962-Paradox: the nine greatest enigmas in physics / Jim Al-Khalili. — 1st ed.p. cm.1. Science—Miscellanea. I. Title.
Q173.A395 2012500—dc23      2012005011
eISBN: 978-0-307-98680-1
Illustrations: Patrick MulreyCover design: Kyle KolkerCover photography: istockphoto
v3.1
To Julie, David, and Kate
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
  1   The Game Show Paradox
  2   Achilles and the Tortoise
  3   Olbers’ Paradox
  4   Maxwell’s Demon
  5   The Pole in the Barn Paradox
  6   The Paradox of the Twins
  7   The Grandfather Paradox
  8   The Paradox of Laplace’s Demon
  9   The Paradox of Schrödinger’s Cat
10   Fermi’s Paradox
11   Remaining Questions
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Preface
Paradoxes come in all shapes and sizes. Some are straightforward paradoxes of logic with little potential for investigation, while others sit atop icebergs of entire scientific disciplines. Many can be resolved by careful consideration of their underlying assumptions, one or more of which may be faulty. These, strictly speaking, should not be referred to as paradoxes at all, since once a puzzle is solved it ceases to be a paradox.
A true paradox is a statement that leads to a circular and self-contradictory argument, or describes a situation that is logically impossible. But the word “paradox” does tend to be used more broadly to include what I prefer to call “perceived paradoxes.” For such puzzles there is a way out. It may be that the paradox has hidden within it a trick or sleight of hand that deliberately misleads the listener or reader. Once the trick is uncovered, the contradiction or logical absurdity disappears. Another type of perceived paradox is one in which the statement and the conclusions, while initially sounding absurd or at the very least counterintuitive, turn out on more careful consideration not to be so, even if the result remains somewhat surprising.
And then there is the category of paradoxes in physics. All of these—well, ne ............

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