TheCollectedStoriesofPhilipK.DickVol.1 - (EPUB全文下载)

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The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick Vol. 1
by Philip K Dick
IN MEMORY OF PHILIP K. DICK1928-1982
Preface
By Philip K. Dick
I will define science
fiction, first, by saying what sf is not. It cannot be defined
as "a story (or novel or play) set in the future," since
there exists such a thing as space adventure, which is set in the
future but is not sf: it is just that: adventures, fights and wars in
the future in space involving super-advanced technology. Why, then,
is it not science fiction? It would seem to be, and Doris Lessing
(e.g.) supposes that it is. However, space adventure lacks the
distinct new idea that is the essential ingredient. Also, there
can be science fiction set in the present: the alternate world story
or novel. So if we separate sf from the future and also from
ultra-advanced technology, what then do we have that can be
called sf?
We have a fictitious
world; that is the first step: it is a society that does not in fact
exist, but is predicated on our known society; that is, our known
society acts as a jumping-off point for it; the society advances out
of our own in some way, perhaps orthogonally, as with the alternate
world story or novel. It is our world dislocated by some kind of
mental effort on the part of the author, our world transformed into
that which it is not or not yet. This world must differ from the
given in at least one way, and this one way must be sufficient to
give rise to events that could not occur in our society -- or in any
known society present or past. There must be a coherent idea involved
in this dislocation; that is, the dislocation must be a conceptual
one, not merely a trivial or bizarre one -- this is the
essence of science fiction, the conceptual dislocation within the
society so that as a result a new society is generated in the
author's mind, transferred to paper, and from paper it occurs as a
convulsive shock in the reader's mind, the shock of
dysrecognition. He knows that it is not his actual world that he
is reading about.
Now, to separate
science fiction from fantasy. This is impossible to do, and a
moment's thought will show why. Take psionics; take mutants such as
we find in Ted Sturgeon's wonderful MORE THAN HUMAN. If the
reader believes that such mutants could exist, then he will view
Sturgeon's novel as science fiction. If, however, he believes that
such mutants are, like wizards and dragons, not possible, nor will
ever be possible, then he is reading a fantasy novel. Fantasy
involves that wh ............

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