YourBrainIsaTimeMachine_TheNeurosciencea.epub - (EPUB全文下载)

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W. W.NORTON & COMPANY
Independent Publishers Since 1923
NEW YORK • LONDON
TO ANA
CONTENTS
PART I: BRAIN TIME
1:00
Flavors of Time
2:00
The Best Time Machine You’ll Ever Own
3:00
Day and Night
4:00
The Sixth Sense
5:00
Patterns in Time
6:00
Time, Neural Dynamics, and Chaos
PART II: THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL NATURE OF TIME
7:00
Keeping Time
8:00
Time: What the Hell Is It?
9:00
The Spatialization of Time in Physics
10:00
The Spatialization of Time in Neuroscience
11:00
Mental Time Travel
12:00
Consciousness: Binding the Past and the Future
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
1:00
FLAVORS OF TIME
All that really belongs to us is time; even he who has nothing else has that.
—BALTASAR GRACIÁN
time
person
year
way
day
What do the words in the above list have in common?
One would certainly be forgiven for not recognizing them as the five most commonly used nouns in the English language.
1

That the word time
sits atop the list, along with two others that are units of time, is a consequence of the overwhelming importance time plays in our lives. When we are not asking for the time, we are speaking of saving time
, killing time
, serving time
, keeping time
, not having time
, tracking time
, bedtime
, time outs, buying time
, good times
, time travel
, overtime
, free time
, and my personal favorite, lunchtime
.
For their part, scientists and philosophers talk about subjective time
, objective time
, proper time
, coordinate time
, sidereal time
, emergent time
, time perception
, encoding time
, relativistic time
, time cells
, time dilation
, reaction time
, spacetime
, and the rather redundant Zeitgeber
(time giver) time
.
Ironically, although time
is the most common noun, there is no consensus on how it should be defined. Indeed, the inherent challenge in attempting to define time was famously captured over 1,600 years ago by the Christian philosopher Saint Augustine: “
What then is time? If no one asks me, I know what it is. If I wish to explain it to him who asks, I do not know.”
Few questions are as perplexing and profound as those that relate to time. Philosophers ponder what time is, and whether it is a single moment or a full-blown dimension. Physicists grapple with why time appears to flow in only one direction, whether time travel is possible, and even whether time exists at all. Neuroscientists and psychologists, in turn, struggle to understand what it means to “ ............

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