语言学教程 - (EPUB全文下载)

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CONTENTS
Chapter 1　Invitations to Linguistics
1.1　Why Study Language?
1.2　What Is Language?
1.3　Design Features of Language
1.3.1　Arbitrariness
1.3.2　Duality
1.3.3　Creativity
1.3.4　Displacement
1.4　Origin of Language
1.5　Functions of Language
1.5.1　Informative
1.5.2　Interpersonal Function
1.5.3　Performative
1.5.4　Emotive Function
1.5.5　Phatic Communion
1.5.6　Recreational Function
1.5.7　Metalingual Function
1.6　What Is Linguistics?
1.7　Main Branches of Linguistics
1.7.1　Phonetics
1.7.2　Phonology
1.7.3　Morphology
1.7.4　Syntax
1.7.5　Semantics
1.7.6　Pragmatics
1.8　Macrolinguistics
1.8.1　Psycholinguistics
1.8.2　Sociolinguistics
1.8.3　Anthropological Linguistics
1.8.4　Computational Linguistics
1.9　Important Distinctions in Linguistics
1.9.1　Descriptive vs. Prescriptive
1.9.2　Synchronic vs. Diachronic
1.9.3　Langue & Parole
1.9.4　Competence and Performance
Chapter 2　Speech Sounds
2.1　How Speech Sounds Are Made?
2.1.1　Speech Organs
2.1.2　The IPA
2.2　Consonants and Vowels
2.2.1　Consonants
2.2.2　Vowels
2.2.3　The Sounds of English
2.3　From Phonetics to Phonology
2.3.1　Coarticulation and Phonetic Transcriptions
2.3.2　Phonemes
2.3.3　Allophones
2.4　Phonological Processes, Phonological Rules and Distinctive Features
2.4.1　Assimilation
2.4.2　Epenthesis, Rule Ordering and the Elsewhere Condition
2.4.3　Distinctive Features
2.5　Suprasegmentals
2.5.1　The Syllable Structure
2.5.2　Stress
2.5.3　Intonation
2.5.4　Tone
Chapter 3　From Morpheme to Phrase
3.1　What is Morpheme?
3.1.1　Morpheme and Morphology
3.1.2　Types of Morphemes
3.1.3　Morphological change and Allomorph
3.2　What is word?
3.2.1　Word and Lexical Items
3.2.2　Classification of words
3.3　Word Formation (1): From Morpheme to Word
3.3.1　The Inflectional Way of Formation
3.3.2　The Derivational Way of Formation
3.4　Word Formation (2): Lexical Change
3.5　Word Group and Phrase
Chapter 4　From Word to Text
4.1　Syntactic Relations
4.1.1　Positional Relation
4.1.2　Relation of Substitutability
4.1.3　Relation of Co-occurrence
4.2　Grammatical Construction and Its Constituents
4.2.1　Grammatical Construction
4.2.2　Immediate Constituents
4.2.3　Endocentric and Exocentric Constructions
4.2.4　Coordination and Subordination
4.3　Syntactic Function
4.3.1　Subject
4.3.2　Predicate
4.3.3　Object
4.3.4　The Relation between Classes and Functions
4.4　Category
4.4.1　Number
4.4.2　Gender
4.4.3　Case
4.4.4　Agreement
4.5　Phrase, Clause and Sentence
4.5.1　Phrase
4.5.2　Clause
4.5.3　Sentence
4.6　Recursiveness
4.6.1　Conjoining
4.6.2　Embedding
4.7　Beyond the Sente ............

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